- Sewage is a water-carried waste, in solution or suspension, that is intended to be removed from a community. Also known as domestic or municipal waste water.
- An overwhelmingly large position of African and Asian population still remains without access to sanitation and waste water treatment facilities (Zandaryaa, 2011).
- Ofomata and Eze (2001) stated that “in Nigeria urban sewage crises has grown in the last thirty years”. In the case of Ekpoma, the attraction of people and increasing population of students in hostels has some implications on the sewage facilities.
Author Focus Gap Iloabachie, Igwe, and Okogbue, 2012 Environmental Implications of sewage disposal methods in Enugu Metropolis South Eastern Nigeria. Study only observe contamination of water supplies by sewage Federal Ministry of Environment, 2005 Study on Port Harcourt focus on some well constructed and maintained drains, as well as open drains and septic tanks. Examine only women and children population Banful (2004) - The aim of this study is to investigate sewage disposal system in Ekpoma with a view to improving public health.
- To identify and examine the methods of sewage disposal in Ekpoma
- To examine the hazards associated with poor sewage disposal method in the study area
- To identify and examine the factors for improving sewage disposal system in the study area.
- The issues of environmental hazard is mostly and popularly traced to population problems (Uchegbu, 2002).
- The quantity and quality of wastewater being treated are the primary factors used when designing onsite treatment and disposal systems (Santala, 1984).
- These factors also have a profound effect on the long-term performance of those systems (Small Scale Waste Management Project, 1978).
- System Of Sewage Disposal: The most common onsite treatment system is the septic tank–soil absorption system (Seabloom, 1980).
- Dosing systems store pretreated effluent in a dosing tank and periodically apply large doses to the soil absorption field by pump, siphon, or gravity. (Otis, 1984).
- distribution systems do not store effluent, rather, the disposal of pretreated effluent is alternated between two separate absorption fields constructed in close proximity. (Otis, 1984)
Poor sewage disposal from storage at points of generation to final disposal sites will attract insects, rats fire and odour. (Ezeugwa 2009)
| S/N | Objectives | Instrument | Method of analysis |
| A | Demographic data | Questionnaire administration | Frequency, tables and Charts |
| 1 | To identify and examine the methods of sewage disposal in Ekpoma | Questionnaire administration, case studies observation and photographs | Frequency distribution, tables and percetages |
| 2 | To examine the hazards associated with poor sewage disposal method in the study area | Questionnaire administration, case studies observation | Frequency distribution, tables and percetages |
| 3 | To identify and examine the factors for improving sewage disposal system | Questionnaire administration, case studies observation | Frequency distribution, tables and percetages
|
SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS
- Mostly utilised sewage disposal system in the study area include:
ØSeptic Tank–Soil Absorption System.
ØThose of relative low types are
Ødosing systems which store pretreated effluent,
Øpressure distribution systems and
Øalternating Distribution Systems.
- The poor sewage disposal system were found to have serious harmful effect on humans. It causes health problems such as: Riskiness to public health leading to disease like typhoid, malaria etc.
- The study equally found out that some laudable solutions could help checkmate the harmful effects caused by poor sewage disposal system, they include:
vRegular removal of waste water,
vAvoid draining untreated sewage directly to the open air
vReport any dumping of waste discharge,
vDispose only dissolvable items into the sewage system,
vAvoid utilizing water from a contaminated sewage area,
vAvoid using sewage system until water in the disposal field is low,
vParticipate in environmental protection activities,
vEducate on the dangers of sewage, Consistent supervision of buildings by Environmental Sanitation agencies
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